Tropical Deep-Sea Benthos, a continuation of Résultats des Campagnes MUSORSTOM, is a series dedicated to the inventory and description of the deep-sea fauna of the world, with special emphasis on the most extensive, yet remote and least explored, region — the Indo-West Pacific. The comprehensive series of marine expeditions undertaken by the French Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle and the Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD) continue to collect many new, strange and sometimes colourful crustaceans. The present volume is dedicated to Alain Crosnier who passed away on 18 February 2021. Madagascar and more generally the South Western part of the Indian Ocean had a special place in his heart. From 1970 to 1976, he directed the ORSTOM Centre in Nosy Be in Madagascar where he explored the seabed to a depth of more than 1,000 m, thus discovering new resources and new species. The second part of his career was devoted to crustacean systematic and the exploration of the deep benthos of tropical areas. In addition to the deep-sea cruises, which he instigated for a long time, he deployed his visionary energy to organise the study of the collected specimens - by bringing specialists from all over the world to Paris - and to publish these results. In 1999, the «MUSORSTOM cruises» became Tropical Deep-Sea Benthos; the programme celebrated its 40th anniversary in 2016. This volume includes for the first-time results from recent expeditions in South West Indian Ocean and comprises descriptions and new occurrences for more than 350 species among crabs, shrimps, squat lobsters. Many are illustrated by spectacular colour images of freshly caught specimens. With 26 news species and two new genera described in this volume, it provides new knowledge on Crustaceans from South West Indian Ocean and conclusions about biogeography in this area are also presented here. Chan, T.-Y. & Yang, C.-H.: Penaeoidea (Crustacea: Decapoda: Dendrobranchiata) photographed during MHNH expeditions in the Southwestern Indian Ocean. Galil, B. S. & Ng, P. K. L.: New and rare leucosiid crabs (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura) from Madagascar. Mendoza, J. C. E.: The xanthid crabs (Crustacea: Brachyura: Xanthoidea: Xanthidae) of Madagascar and adjacent southwestern Indian Ocean regions from recent marine biodiversity expeditions, 2009-2017. Naruse, T. & Guinot, D.: A new species of the genus Hymenosoma Desmarest, 1823 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Hymenosomatidae) from Madagascar. Koch, M. & Bliznáková, A.: Portunid crabs (Crustacea: Brachyura) from Madagascar. Goy, J. W.: Stenopodidean shrimps (Crustacea: Decapoda) of the Western Indian Ocean. Ahyong, S. T. & Richer de Forges, B.: Review of the deep-water spider crabs, Vitjazmaia Zarenkov, 1994 (Crustacea: Brachyura: Oregoniidae). Lee, B. Y., Richer de Forges, B. & Ng, P. K. L.: Epithaltid crabs from the Southwestern Indian Ocean, with the descriptions of seven new species (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Majoidea). Macpherson, E., Rordíguez-Flores, P. C. & Machordom, A.: A checklist of the Galatheoid squat lobsters from the South-West Indian Ocean (Decapoda: Anomura: Galatheoidea), with the description of four new species. New taxa: Cryptocnemus crosnierorum n. sp., Arcania occulta n. sp., Merocryptus harenae n. sp., Orientotlos flos n. sp., Oreotlos alaini n. sp., Oreotlos atticus n. sp., Pseudophilyra pirum n. sp., Alainyra n. gen., Raylilia claudiae n. sp., Tanaoa variola n. sp., Alainodaeus bertrandi n. sp., Alainodaeus crosnieri n. sp., Hepatoporus vadosus n. sp., Eurycassiope n. gen., Eurycassiope alaini n. sp., Xanthias claudiae n. sp., Hymenosoma crosnieri n. sp., Vitjazmaia crosnieri n. sp., Crocydocinus claudiae n. sp., Samadinia ezae n. sp., Samadinia mirikyae n. sp., Samadinia pygaeus n. sp., Samadinia sororia n. sp., Samadinia spinosa n. sp., Galathea acaena n. sp., Galathea lopisma n. sp., Gonionida crosnieri n. sp., Typhlonida alaos n. sp.
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