This publication presents the etymology and other information of all available scientific names given to the extant members of the odonate family Calopterygidae. Of the 33 available genus-group and 329 available species-group names, 21 and 181 names are considered to represent valid genera and species, respectively. The historical development of knowledge of calopterygid diversity is discussed. A synonymic checklist of Calopterygidae is presented, with an annotated list of the author names. A grouping of taxon names according to the meaning of their roots is presented.